Altered Splicing in Stable Cell Strains Expressing Mini-hF9 Gene with Nonsense Mutation / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the molecular mechanism in stable cell strains expressing Mini-hF9 gene with nonsense mutation.@*METHODS@#Mini-hF9 gene and its nonsense mutants were transfected into HeLa cells independently, and stable cell strains were obtained after G418 resistance screening and monoclonal transformation. The altered splicing and protein expression of mRNA in Mini-hF9 gene in stable cell strains were detected by using RT-PCR and Western blot.@*RESULTS@#The wild type and nonsense mutated human coagulation factor IX stable cell strains were constructed successfully, which were named HeLa-F9-WT, HeLa-F9-M1 and HeLa-F9-M2. Only normal splicing Norm was detected in the wild-type cell strain HeLa-F9-WT; Norm and Alt-S1 splicing were detected in HeLa-F9-M1; while Norm, Alt-S1 and Alt-S2 splicing were detected in HeLa-F9-M2.@*CONCLUSION@#The nonsense associated altered splicing (NAS) pathway, which generated alternately spliced transcripts, might be triggered in coagulation factor IX gene with nonsense mutation.

The role and molecular mechanisms of long noncoding RNAs in cardiac diseases / 药学学报

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of RNAs that are more than 200 nucleotides in length with no protein coding property. LncRNAs are involved in almost every cellular process through multiple mechanisms. LncRNAs can directly bind to molecules in cells such as proteins, RNA, and DNA, to regulate cellular functions by influencing processes including transcription, translation, and molecular transporting. Recent researches showed lncRNAs are key regulators of serious cardiac diseases, especially in development and progression of cardiac ischemia, arrhythmia, cardiac fibrosis, and heart failure. This article mainly summarizes the function and mechanism of lncRNAs in cardiac diseases and gives reasonable prospect of lncRNAs in the future.

Triterpenoids from Galbanumofuygur medicine andtheir anticholinesterase activities / 药学学报

Eight triterpenes were isolated from the methanol extract of Galbanum by various chromatographic methods including silica gel, ODS opening column, recrystallization and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods and physicochemical properties as 3β,19α,21α-trihydroxyl-12-en-28-oic acid (1), sumaresinolic acid (2), 3β,19α-dihydroxyl-12-en-28-oic acid (3), oleanolic acid (4), 3β,6β,19α-trihydroxyl-12-en-28-oic acid (5), 19α-hydroxy oleanonic acid (6), 6α-hydroxy oleanonic acid (7), and (11R,12R)-3α,6α-dihydroxy-epoxyolean-28α,13α-olide (8). Among them, compound 1 is a new compound, while compounds 2-8 were newly isolated from the Apiaceae family. The ability of compounds 1-8 to inhibit cholinesterase was determined with an improved Ellman method. Compound 1 showed strong inhibitory activity against butyrylcholinesterase. The molecular docking results indicated that Trp82, His438, Phe329 and Ala328 played an important role in the binding of compound 1 to butyrylcholinesterase.

Regular transient limb ischemia prevents atherosclerosis progression in hypercholesterolemic rabbits / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background:@#Endothelial dysfunction, the initial pathogenic factor in atherosclerosis, can be alleviated via transient limb ischemia. We observed the effects of regular transient limb ischemia (RTLI) on atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.@*Methods:@#Twenty-eight rabbits were randomized to control, cholesterol, sham, ischemia groups (n=7 each) between October 2010 and March 2011. They were fed a normal diet in the control group and hypercholesterolemic diet in other groups for 12 weeks. Six cycles of RTLI were performed once per day on the ischemia group. Serum samples were prepared to measure the total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) before the experiment (W0), at the end of weeks 4, 8, 12 (W4, W8, W12). The whole aorta was harvested at W12 and stained using Sudan IV to identify the plaque. The plaque area was measured using Image J. Results were analyzed by analysis of variance or rank sum test.@*Results:@#Concentrations of TC in the cholesterol group were higher than those in the control group at W4 (29.60 [23.75, 39.30] vs. 1.00 [0.80, 1.55], Z = –2.745, P = 0.006), W8 (41.78 [28.08, 47.37] vs. 0.35 [0.10, 0.68], Z = –2.739, P = 0.006), W12 (48.32 [40.04, 48.95] vs. 0.61 [0.50, 0.86], Z = –2.739, P = 0.006). Similar results were obtained for HDL-C and LDL-C. Serum concentrations of TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C in the hypercholesterolemic groups had no differences (all P > 0.05). The percentage of plaque area in the cholesterol group was higher than that in the control group (47.22 ± 23.89% vs. 0, Z = –2.986, P = 0.003). Square root of the percentage of plaque area was smaller in the ischemia group than that in the cholesterol (0.44 ± 0.13 vs. 0.67 ± 0.18, P = 0.014) or sham groups (0.44 ± 0.13 vs. 0.61 ± 0.12, P = 0.049).@*Conclusion:@#In hypercholesterolemic rabbits, RTLI might prevent atherosclerosis progression by reducing the percentage of plaque area.

Advances in research on the mechanism of long-QT syndrome caused by traditional Chinese medicine affecting hERG potassium channel / 药学学报

Drug-induced cardiotoxicity is recently a major concern. Cardiotoxicity is the leading cause of drug withdrawal from the market. Long-QT syndrome is one of the most important manifestations of cardiotoxicity. hERG potassium channel is an important target of drug-induced arrhythmia and antiarrhythmia drugs. Traditional Chinese medicine is a traditional medicine in China with a long history and a wide range of clinical use. However, the multi-organ toxicity caused by traditional Chinese medicine is still a problem to be solved. Some traditional Chinese medicines already in clinical use have been withdrawn from the market because of their potential cardiotoxicity or severe arrhythmias. The cardiac toxicity of more than 50 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines causing arrhythmia was reported, while more than 20 of them are induced by affecting on the hERG potassium channels. Therefore, finding out the mechanism of drug-induced long-QT syndrome and the regulatory target of drug intervention is the key research goal in today's medical field. In this paper, we summarized the mechanisms of long-QT syndrome induced by traditional Chinese medicine with Ikr/hERG potassium channel as the main target. It provides a theoretical basis for the rational use of related traditional Chinese medicine in clinical practice, the avoidance of cardiac toxicity and the development of regulatory targets for drug intervention.

Regular transient limb ischemia prevents atherosclerosis progression in hypercholesterolemic rabbits / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Endothelial dysfunction, the initial pathogenic factor in atherosclerosis, can be alleviated via transient limb ischemia. We observed the effects of regular transient limb ischemia (RTLI) on atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.@*METHODS@#Twenty-eight rabbits were randomized to control, cholesterol, sham, ischemia groups (n = 7 each) between October 2010 and March 2011. They were fed a normal diet in the control group and hypercholesterolemic diet in other groups for 12 weeks. Six cycles of RTLI were performed once per day on the ischemia group. Serum samples were prepared to measure the total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) before the experiment (W0), at the end of weeks 4, 8, 12 (W4, W8, W12). The whole aorta was harvested at W12 and stained using Sudan IV to identify the plaque. The plaque area was measured using Image J. Results were analyzed by analysis of variance or rank sum test.@*RESULTS@#Concentrations of TC in the cholesterol group were higher than those in the control group at W4 (29.60 [23.75, 39.30] vs. 1.00 [0.80, 1.55], Z = -2.745, P = 0.006), W8 (41.78 [28.08, 47.37] vs. 0.35 [0.10, 0.68], Z = -2.739, P = 0.006), W12 (48.32 [40.04, 48.95] vs. 0.61 [0.50, 0.86], Z = -2.739, P = 0.006). Similar results were obtained for HDL-C and LDL-C. Serum concentrations of TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C in the hypercholesterolemic groups had no differences (all P > 0.05). The percentage of plaque area in the cholesterol group was higher than that in the control group (47.22 ± 23.89% vs. 0, Z = -2.986, P = 0.003). Square root of the percentage of plaque area was smaller in the ischemia group than that in the cholesterol (0.44 ± 0.13 vs. 0.67 ± 0.18, P = 0.014) or sham groups (0.44 ± 0.13 vs. 0.61 ± 0.12, P = 0.049).@*CONCLUSION@#In hypercholesterolemic rabbits, RTLI might prevent atherosclerosis progression by reducing the percentage of plaque area.

Design of VDT operation related upper extremities fatigue detection system and experimental verification / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To design a VDT operation related upper extremities fatigue detection system using keying duration (KD)as an indicator of fatigue and to execute experimental verification.Methods The system included the software part able to calculate,compare and analyze KD and hardware part able to support normal VDT operations.Subjects finished typing task under controlled condition while the system was running. The flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), extensor digitorum communis(EDC),extensor carpi radialis(ECR),extensor carpi ulnaris(ECU)muscle fatigue were retrieved by sEMG method and standardized questionnaire. Results As the number of keystrokes increased, KD shortened by 1.3%, FDS MVC% dropped by 22.9%,and EDC MVC% decreased by 47.9%.The perceived level of typing fatigue also increased.Conclusion Results revealed KD's change with fatigue,showing the possibility of using KD as an indicator of fatigue and validating the feasibility and effectiveness of the system design.

Significance of 6-minute walk test for patients with heart failure / 心血管康复医学杂志

The present article addressed method, indications, contraindications of 6 min walk test (6MWT), and its correlation with plasma level of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and NYHA class. 6MWT can be used for rehabilitation guidance, improve exercise tolerance and assess their cardiac function and prognosis, etc. in patients with heart failure.

Preliminary Study on the Gene Characteristics of Oidiomycetes Mutant Strains Like Bacterial Morphology / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To further explore the genetic characteristics of oidiomycetes mutant strains like bacterial morphology on the basis of the study on morphology and structure of mutated candida.Methods The standard strains of candida albicans were induced by low temperature and under the condition of low temperature and nutrient deficiency.Variation of standard strains of Candida albicans were induced by clinical antifungal drugs such as fluconazole with different concentration gradient.Fungal gene template was prepared by boiling method,sequences of 16SRNA and 18SRNA were amplified using bacteria conservative gene sequence of 16SRNA and fungal conserved gene sequence of 18SRNA,and observed and recorded the results agarose gel electrophoresis.At the same time,the amplified fragment of bacterial conservative gene 16SRNA was sequenced,and the sequence was analyzed by BLAST comparison.Results the 16SRNA sequences of candida variant were amplified positive,while the standard strain of candida albicans did not show the corresponding amplification band.Except 2 strains which showed a faint band,the other variants of the 18SRNA sequences did not amplified the target band,while the standard strains of candida albicans showed a corresponding amplification bands.Suggested that proportion of 18SRNA sequences in the genome of oidiomycetes mutant strains like bacterial morphology was not much even lack.The 16SRNA fragments amplified of oidiomycetes mutant strains like bacterial morphology did determination of DNA sequence after purification.BLAST comparison analysis,it was found that sequence of oidiomycetes mutant strains like bacterial morphology had higher similarity with bacterial sequences in the database.Conclusion Oidiomycetes mutant strains like bacterial morphology contained bacterial and a small amount of fungus conservative gene.Oidiomycetes mutant strains like bacterial morphology with original nuclear biological character are ones from eukaryotes.This study is great significance in biological evolution,especially in the evolution of prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.

Metformin and tanshinone llA as ethnodrugs protect heart against injury by inhibiting microRNA-1 / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE To explore the protection mechanism of metformin and tanshinone IIA on myocardial injury. METHODS The cultured neonatal rat ventricular cells (NRVCs) were exposed to 100 μmol·L-1H2O2to simulate the in vitro model of ischemia-reperfusion injury.MTT,TUNEL and Viability/Cytotoxicity Assay were used to evaluate the effect of metformin on the viability of cardiomyocytes after treated with H2O2. The target of miR-1 was verified by Dual luciferase reporter assay. ChIP analyses was adopted to reveal the relationship between C/EBP β and miR-1.Tanshinone IIA was administrated daily for 7 d before ligation of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and lasted for 3 months after LAD.Whole-cell patch-clamp techniques were used to measure the inward rectifying K+current(IK1)in rat isolated ventricular myocytes.GRP94,p-AMPKα,C/EBP β,CHOP,Caspase-3,Kir2.1,p38 MAPK, Cx43, MEF2 and SRF levels were analyzed by Western blot and miR-1 level was quantified by Real-time PCR.RESULTS The expression of miR-1 was significantly increased in NRVCs exposed to H2O2 in vitro. miR-1 was shown to target the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of GRP94, which results in the accumulation of un/misfolded proteins,leading to the endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress.C/EBP β directly induces the upregulation of miR-1 by binding to its promoter.Furthermore,metformin,a direct allosteric AMPK activator, significantly reduces C/EBP β and miR-1 levels comparing with control group. Similarly, tanshinone IIA decreased the incidence of arrhythmias and relieved ischemia-induced injury.Moreover, tanshinone IIA depressed the elevated miR-1 level and inhibited the activation of p38 MAPK and heart special transcription factors SRF and MEF2 in ischemic cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION Metformin protects cardiomyocytes against H2O2damage through AMPK/C/EBPβ/miR-1/GRP94 pathway.Tanshi-none IIA play a role in protection cardiomyocytes from ischemic injury based on inhibiting miR-1 expres-sion through p38 MAPK signal pathway.

Melatonin prevents endothelial cell pyroptosis via regulation of long noncoding RNA MEG3/miR-223/NLRP3 axis / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-pyroptotic effects of melatonin in atherosclerotic endothelium and to elucidate the potential mechanisms.METHODS ApoE-/-mice were randomly divid-ed into four groups (n=8): the normal-diet group (ND), the normal-diet group treated with melatonin (10 mg·kg-1)(ND+MLT),the high-fat-diet group(HFD),and the high-fat-diet group treated with melatonin (HFD+MLT).After 12 weeks,the expression levels of pyroptosis related genes including NLRP3,ASC, cleaved-caspase 1,GSDMD-N,IL-1β and IL-18 were examined in aortic endothelium by Western blotting, qRT-PCR and immunofluorescent staining.Besides,levels of MEG3 and miR-223 were also tested by qRT-PCR.The interaction between MEG3 and miR-223 was detected by luciferase assay.For in vitro study,human aortic endothelial cells(HAECs)were transiently transfected with miR-223 mimic,miR-223 inhibitor (AMO-223), MEG3-overexpressing plasmid or negative controls. After 6 h of transfection, the medium was replaced by fresh medium with or without ox-LDL(25 μg·mL-1)for 24 h and then treated with or without melatonin (10 μmol·L-1) for 48 h. Cell pyroptosis was evaluated by Hoechst 33342/PI staining and differentially expressed pyroptosis related genes. RESULTS Melatonin markedly reduced the atherosclerotic plaque in aorta of ApoE-/- mice. Meanwhile, melatonin also attenuated the expression NLRP3, ASC, cleaved-caspase1, NF-κB/GSDMD, GSDMD-N termini, IL-1β, and IL-18 in aortic endo-thelium.Consistent anti-pyroptotic effects were also observed in ox-LDL-treated HAECs.We found that lncRNAMEG3 enhanced pyroptosis in HAECs. Moreover, MEG3 acted as an endogenous sponge by sequence complementarity to suppress the function of miR-223 and to increase NLRP3expression and enhance endothelial cell pyroptosis. Furthermore, knockdown of miR-223 blocked the anti-pyroptotic actions of melatonin in ox-LDL-treated HAECs. CONCLUSION Melatonin prevents endothelial cell pyroptosis via MEG3/miR-223/NLRP3 axis in atherosclerosis and therefore melatonin replacement might be considered a new strategy for protecting endothelium against pyroptosis thereby for the treat-ment of atherosclerosis associated with pyroptosis.

Triterpenoids from Uygur medicine latex of Euphorbia resinifera / 中国中药杂志

Ten triterpenes compounds were isolated from the methanol extraction of the latex of Euphorbia resinifera by means of various chromatographic methods such as silica gel, ODS and semi-preparative HPLC, Their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods and physicochemical properties. These isolated compounds were identified as 3-hydroxy-25,26,27-trinor eupha-8-ene-24-oate (1), iso-maticadienediol (2), 25,26,27-trinorTirucall-8-ene-3-ol-4-acid (3), dammarendiol Ⅱ (4), eupha-8,24-diene-3-ol-26-al (5), lnonotusane C (6), eupha-8,24-diene-3-ol-7,11-dione (7), inoterpene A (8), inoterpene B (9), and eupha-24-methylene-8-ene-3-ol-7,11-dione (10). Among them, compound 1 was a new natural product, compounds 2-4 were firstly isolated from the Euphorbiaceae and compounds 5 and 6 were isolated from the genus Euphorbia for the first time. The cytotoxicity of the compounds 1-10 against MCF-7, U937 and C6 cancer cell lines was evaluated, but none of the compounds was active.

Inhibitory effects of anthocyanin on oxidative stress injury and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human lens epithelial cells / 药学学报

Anthocyanin is a water-soluble flavonoid pigment which is widely found in plants. Studies showed that anthocyanin had protective effect on vision. However, whether anthocyanin has therapeutic effect on cataract remain unclear. In this study, we established the age-related and posterior capsule opacification cataract cell models through inducing oxidative damage of human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) by H2O2 and inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by transforming growth factor β2 (TGF-β2). The preventative effects of anthocyanin on markers of oxidative damage and EMT were determined by respective assay kits and PCR analysis. Anthocyanin was beneficial to reduce oxidative stress of HLECs, protecting cells from H2O2 induced damage and increasing α-crystallin expression. The potential mechanisms might be that anthocyanin increased the activities of SOD and GSH-Px, which contributes to reduce cellular ROS and MDA level. Besides, anthocyanin inhibited Ca2+ overload, which contributes to protection of cell from apoptosis. Meanwhile, anthocyanin had inhibitory effect on EMT, slowed down cell proliferation, migration caused by TGF-β2 through decreasing mRNA expression levels of EMT markers including COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3, COL4, Fn and α-SMA. The results suggest that anthocyanin could protect HLECs from oxidative damage induced by H2O2 and cell proliferation, migration and EMT induced by TGF-β2, which indicated that anthocyanin may have protective and therapeutic effects on age-related cataract and posterior capsule opacification.

Effect of high glucose-based peritoneal dialysis fluids on NLRP3-IL-1β in human peritoneal mesothelial cells / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To explore the effect of high glucose-based peritoneal dialysis fluids on NLRP3-IL-1β in human peritoneal mesothelial cells.Methods:HMrSV5 cells (SV40 immortalized human peritoneal mesothelial cell line) were grown in type Ⅰ collagen-coated dishes in DMEM/F12 containing 10％ fetal calf serum (FCS).All experiments on HMrSV5 cells were performed between passages 5 and 10.The cells were divided into 7 groups:control,1.5％ dextrose,2.5％ dextrose,4.25％ dextrose,rotenone,thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA),and antimycin A.Immunoblotting was used to evaluate the expression of IL-1 β.Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting NLRP3 was used to downregulate the expression of NLRP3 and Western blot was used to evaluate the expression of IL-1 β in human peritoneal mesothelial cells exposed to 4.25％ dextrose.In the meanwhile,resveratrol (RSV) was used to induce autophagy,3-methyladenine (3-MA) and siRNA against Beclin 1 or ATG5 were used to block autophagy,flow cytometric was used to analyze the respiring (mitotracker deep red),total (mitotracker green) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating mitochondria (mitoSOX);Western blot was used to evaluate the expression of IL-1β.Results:The IL-1β relative expressions were 0,0.175 ±0.082,0.418 ± 0.163,2.357 ±0.288,2.642 ±0.358,3.271 ±0.462,and 0.123 ±0.091,indicating that the cells exposed to high glucose-based peritoneal dialysis fluids and cells treated with mitochondria respiratory chain key enzyme complex Ⅰ,and complex Ⅲ inhibitors increased the IL-1β expression.And we found that NLRP3 knock-down significantly blocked the upregulation of IL-1 β.In addition,the fluorescence intensity of total mitochondria and ROS-generating mitochondria in the following groups:control,negative control,RSV,3-MA,ATG5 siRNA,Beclin1 siRNA were 1.76 ± 0.42,1.83 ± 0.55,1.85 ± 0.62,7.36 ± 0.92,5.35 ± 0.77,5.06 ± 0.62 and 821.68 ± 95.12,868.15 ± 102.82,723.39 ± 92.56,1 660.08 ± 113.65,1 433.01 ± 107.24,1 562.36 ± 112.88 respectively.The increased concentrations of mitochondrial ROS and IL-1β upregulation were confirmed in the inhibition but not the induction of autophagy.We also found that downregulation of ATG5 and Beclin1 sensitized cells for the release of IL-1β induced by MSU (monosodium urate) or nigericin which was the NLRP3 inflammasome activator.RSV treatment attentuated this effect.Conclusion:Long-term application of high glucose-based peritoneal dialysis fluids can trigger the consistent activation of NLRP3-IL-1ββ in peritoneal mesothelial cells.Timely initiation of autophagy may block the NLRP3-IL-1ββ activation and provide a basis for the further development of a potential therapeutic strategy for delay of chronic inflammation and peritoneal fibrosis associated with peritoneal dialysis.

Diagnostic Efficiency of T2WI and DWI in LI-RADS Classification with Cirrhosis Caused by Hepatitis B / 中国医学影像学杂志

Purpose To investigate the value of T2WI mild-moderate signal and restricted diffusion in the context of liver imaging reporting and data system (LI-RADS) (2014 edition) in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B virus.Materials and Methods A total of 77 lesions (LI-RADS 3-5,size of 1.1 cm×0.7 cm-12.7 cm×9.1 cm) of 69 HCC patients in Beijing Friendship Hospital from January 2012 to November 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.All these patients underwent MRI scan and multiphase dynamic enhanced scan.The images were analyzed by two radiologists.If a disagreement occurred,liver accelerated volume acquisition and multiphase dynamic enhanced scan were combined to reach a consensus.The contrast noise ratio (CNR) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of T2WI and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) sequences were compared,as well as the identification of the two signs.Results There was no statistically significant difference between T2WI mild-moderate signal and restricted diffusion in the identification of lesions (LI-RADS 3-5) (P＞0.05),while the sensitivity with DWI b=0 (61.0％) was significantly lower than DWI b=600 s/mm2 (70.1％) (P＜0.05).The CNR of all DWI sequences (b=0,600 s/mm2) were larger than those of T2WI (P＜0.01).The ADC of small lesions (diameter ＜2 cm) were larger than those of larger lesions (diameter ＞2 cm) [(1.57+0.37)×10-3 mm2/s vs.(1.37+0.51)×10 3 mm2/s,P＜0.05].Conclusion There is no significant difference in sensitivity of lesions between T2WI mild-moderate signal and restricted diffusion.However,due to different CNRs,DWI with b=600 s/mm2 is more obvious for the lesions,and can be first investigated in practice.

Application of 3D digital orthopedic techniques in treatment of acetabular fracture / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the therapeutic effect of three-dimensional digital orthopedic techniques in treatment of acetabular fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively analyzed 50 cases of acetabular fracture treated between March, 2007 and December, 2013. The lamellar CT scanning data were imported into Mimics software, and 3D anatomical models of the pelvic and proximal femur were reconstructed. Computer-assisted analysis was carried out to understand the condition of fractures and simulate fracture reduction. The pelvic models were manufactured by rapid prototyping technique for definite diagnosis and typing of acetabular fractures and subsequent surgical treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three-dimensional reconstruction images and rapid prototyping pelvic models faithfully represented the findings in operations. Preoperative simulation of the operation shortened the time of operation and reduced the volume of bleeding in the operation. All the patients were followed up for 6 to 24 months. According to Matta imaging score, anatomical reduction was achieved in 41 cases and satisfactory reduction in 9 cases. According to the Harris functional criteria, 32 patients had excellent, 12 had good and 6 had acceptable outcomes with a rate of excellent and good outcomes of 88%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Three-dimensional digital orthopedic techniques allow accurate display of the acetabulum and the spatial relation of the anatomic structures to assist in fracture diagnosis, typing and treatment.</p>

MicroRNA expression in the serum of dust exposure population / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the microRNA levels in the serum of dust exposure population. METHODS: By cluster random sampling method,479 dust exposure workers were selected as dust exposure group. Four hundred and thirty-four normal healthy people without occupational dust exposure history were selected as control group. Forty-three pneumoconiosis patients were selected as pneumoconiosis group. The peripheral venous blood of the objects of 3 groups were collected,and the plasma serum were separated for detecting the relative expression of miR-16,miR-21,miR-29 a,miR-155,miR-200 c,miR-204 and miR-206 in serum by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The difference of microRNA expression in the above 3 groups was observed. RESULTS: From high to low,the relative expression levels of miR-16,miR-29 a and miR-200 c were pneumoconiosis group > dust exposure group > control group( P < 0. 05),while the relative expression levels of miR-204 were control group > dust exposure group > pneumoconiosis group( P < 0. 05).The relative expression levels of miR-21 in dust exposure and pneumoconiosis groups were higher than that of control group,respectively( P < 0. 05). The relative expression level of miR-155 in dust exposure group was lower than that of control group( P < 0. 05). The relative expression level of miR-206 in pneumoconiosis group was higher than those of dust exposure group and control group respectively( P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION: The miR-16,miR-29 a,miR-200 c and miR-204 could be used as biomarkers in early diagnosis of pneumoconiosis disease.

Routine Hemostasis and Hemogram Parameters: Valuable Assessments for Coagulation Disorder and Chemotherapy in Cancer Patients / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The clotting system abnormalities are the common complication in cancer patients. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the coagulation state, clinical features, and treatment in cancer patients by routine tests.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 2328 patients with different types of cancer were classified as the positive group (n = 1419, including 53 patients with thrombosis) and the negative group (n = 909) based on D-dimer (DD) value. Of the 2328 cases, 354 were admitted for chemotherapy. Hemostasis test and complete blood count (CBC) were performed during treatment or following-up.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>This study showed that the hypercoagulable state was affected not only by clinical staging (P < 0.0001) but also by metastasis site (P < 0.0001 for bone vs. lung). Compared to negative DD group, the higher fibrinogen level, the extended activated partial thromboplastin time, and prothrombin time interacted markedly with disease clinical stage (P < 0.05) in the positive group. Between positive DD groups with and without thrombus, the significantly statistic difference in white blood cell (WBC) and DD (P < 0.05) rather than in red blood cell (RBC) and platelet count was observed. However, the higher DD level was not correlated with WBC, RBC, and platelet count in the positive DD group. Furthermore, the hypercoagulable plasma profile in cancer patients was moderated 2-3 weeks after chemotherapy (P < 0.05 for first six cycles).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The routine hemostatic parameters and CBC are valuable to assessment for thrombosis and chemotherapy even for disease prognosis.</p>

Treatment of equinovarus accompanied with ulcer using Ilizarov technology and limited operation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the surgical method and clinical curative effect of Ilizarov technique combined with limited surgical treatment for neurotrophic malnutrition equinovarus accompanied with weight-bearing area ulcer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From July 2004 to December 2011, 21 cases of neurological disorders equinovarus with skin ulcer in weight-bearing area were treated including 14 males and 7 females with an average age of 21.3 years old ranging from 8 to 32 years. Among them,19 cases with talipes equinovarus were on account of spina bifid and 2 cases on account of spinal cord injury of lumbar sacral segment. Nine cases were on the left foot and 12 cases were right foot. The ulcer area in out-below side of the fifth metatarsal bone was in 6 cases, in basement of the fifth metatarsal bone in 5 cases,in lateral of calcaneocuboid joint 2 cases, and in lateral of subtalar joint in 8 cases. Surgical procedure included plantar medial release technique, tendo-chilles lengthenning, and three-joint partial osteotomy. During operation,the skin and soft tissue of ulcer were resected and the incision was sutured when the ulcer was in the lateral of subtalar joint, and ankle Ilizarov external fixation for extension was installed after correcting talipes equinovarus partially. For the legacy skin ulcer in weight-bearing area,the Shenrg-ji cream (Chinese characters) was used after operation for one time per day until the wound healed. Adjusting Ilizarov external fixation for correcting residual deformity until it is satisfaction. During this process weight-bearing walking was keeping.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All cases were followed up from 6 to 52 months with an average of 28 months. All ulcers were healing and no recurrence. The ulcer healing time was 14 to 36 days postoperative (26 days in average). Eighteen deformity feet were corrected satisfactorily, and recovered fully plantar foot, 3 feet appeared mild deformity after 1 year. Ankle joint activity appeared limited in 15 cases and got completely rigidity in 6 cases. The AOFAS increased from preoperative 34.0±7.2 to 86.0±8.5 postoperatively; 8 feet got excellent, 10 good,3 fair.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The clinical effect of Ilizarov technique combined with limited operation and the Sheng-ji cream in correction of the talipes equinovarus with skin ulcer in weigh-bearing area on account of neurotrophic malnutrition is satisfactory, the surgical method is simple and the treating course in security, and serious complications can be avoided.</p>

Effect of subarachnoid nerve block anesthesia on glutamate transporter GLAST and GLT-1 expressions in rabbits

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of subarachnoid nerve block anesthesia on glutamate transporter glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST) and GLT-1 expressions in rabbits, and to investigate the effect of peripheral nerve anesthesia on the morphology and function of the spinal cord.@*METHODS@#Twenty healthy New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group and control group; with 10 rabbits in each group. For spinal nerve anesthesia, 5 g/L of bupivacaine was used in the experimental group, and sterile saline was used in the control group. After 30 min of cardiac perfusion, GLAST and GLT-1 protein expression in spinal neurons were detected by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining.@*RESULTS@#GLAST and GLT-1 protein-positive cells increased in neurons in the experimental group, compared with the control group (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#After subarachnoid nerve block anesthesia, rabbit glutamate transporter GLAST and GLT-1 expression is increased; and spinal cord nerve cell function is inhibited.